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Driving infrastructure. Navigating public procurement.

4K Legal

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At 4K Legal, we support clients who have written where law meets public investments. Our mission is to assist the contractor and the ordering party Appearing in the economic and ambition environment infrastructure projects.

Public tenders

Legal advice to contractors and contracting entities at every stage
of public procurement procedures and during control proceedings

Construction

Contractual and administrative support to investors, contractors and subcontractors in the construction process

Defense and security

Legal support for contractors competing for defense and security contracts in Poland

Utilities procurement

Advice on legal problems specific to utilities markets, in particular transportation, rail and energy markets

Dispute resolution

Legal representation in cases before the National Appeal Chamber (KIO) and courts, as well as legal support for contracting entities and contractors in alternative dispute resolution (negotiation, mediation, conciliation, arbitration)

Contract law

Preparation and negotiation of the content of commercial contracts with a public factor and ongoing legal assistance during their performance

Compliance

Audits of contractors’ compliance with public law requirements, identification of potential risks and support in the introduction of mitigation measures

Global Law Experts

We are a member of Global Law Experts – a network of specialized lawyers providing legal services to clients around the world.

Experience, Expertise, Commitment

Our Team

Our team members have decades of experience – as legal advisors, representatives, decision-makers and mediators. Today, we turn that into clear, practical, and effective advice that reflects our clients’ needs and market realities.

Aldona Kowalczyk

Managing Partner

Sylwester Kuchnio

Partner

Adam Królak

Partner

Monika Kumanek

Office Manager | Public Procurement Specialist

Contact

We are at your disposal from Monday to Friday, between 9:00 AM and 5:00 PM.

Office Address

Sienna 83/609 street
00-815 Warsaw, Poland

E-mail: office@4klegal.pl

Information Clause GDPR

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Contact

ul. Sienna 83/609, 00-815 Warsaw, Poland

E-mail: office@4klegal.pl

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Adam Królak

Partner

Attorney-at-law and partner, specializing in legal advisory for complex and strategic public procurement and infrastructure projects.

For nearly a decade, he has advised both domestic and international clients at all stages of the procurement cycle. He assists contractors and contracting authorities in preparing tender documentation, representing them before the National Appeal Chamber and common courts, and providing guidance on contract execution, amendments, construction process and strategic-level compliance.

Selected examples of experience

Urban infrastructure: provided comprehensive legal support to a design firm participating in tenders for project documentation related to future metro lines in Warsaw and the Central Warsaw Hub (CPK), including representation before the National Appeal Chamber.
Defense sector: tender and contract advisory including representation of a client in an appeal procedure concerning a PLN 1.5 billion framework agreement awarded by the Polish Armament Agency as well as advising on a number of other tenders and subsequently concluded contracts for supply of high-technology military equipment.
Renewable energy: comprehensive support for a photovoltaic contractor, including public tender advisory, negotiating contract amendments, and representing clients before the National Appeal Chamber and regional courts.
Public transport services: advised a transportation company on participation in public tenders for collective passenger transport services organized by provinces and agglomerations, including contractual matters and representation in disputes.

Publications

Adam is the author of numerous publications on public procurement. His articles have appeared in Rzeczpospolita, the monthly Zamówienia publiczne – Doradca, and other specialist legal publications.
Co-author of the publication Legal Report: The New Public Procurement Law (Rzeczpospolita, 2020).
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Sylwester Kuchnio

Partner

Attorney-at-law and partner with over 20 years of experience in public procurement. Served as an arbitrator at the National Appeal Chamber for over 9 years. Today, he advises and represents clients in complex procurement and infrastructure matters.
He supports contractors and contracting authorities in sectors including infrastructure, energy, transport, defense, waste, healthcare, and finance – during both tender procedures and contract performance.

Ranked in Chambers Europe.

Selected examples of experience

National Appeal Chamber: adjudication of high-profile disputes involving stadiums, highways, and strategic public procurements.
Procurement oversight: participation in prior review of large-scale infrastructure projects at the Public Procurement Office.
EU funding: advisory on and supervision of Cohesion Fund spending in the environmental sector.
Rail sector: legal support for rolling stock manufacturers in numerous tenders worth between PLN 150 million and several billion.
Urban infrastructure: advisory on design documentation for future metro lines in Warsaw and a high-speed rail tunnel in Łódź, including representation before the National Appeal Chamber and courts.
Energy & construction: advisory on procurement procedures in public infrastructure and energy investments.
Medical sector: representation of contractors in appeal and court procedures concerning tenders for medical and pharmaceutical supplies.

Publications

Sylwester is the author of numerous publications on public procurement. His articles have appeared in Rzeczpospolita, the quarterly Prawo Zamówień Publicznych, the monthly Zamówienia publiczne – Doradca, and other specialist legal publications.

Co-author of Legal Report: The New Public Procurement Law (Rzeczpospolita, 2020).

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Aldona Kowalczyk

Managing Partner

Attorney-at-law, partner, and mediator with over 25 years of experience advising on infrastructure projects. She supports contracting authorities and bidders both at the stage of competing for public contracts and during their performance. She specializes in public procurement law and represents clients before the National Appeal Chamber and Polish courts.

She advises on strategic public investment projects across sectors such as transport, energy, defense, healthcare and technology.

She has been consistently ranked as a leading public procurement lawyer in Poland by international directories such as Chambers Europe, Legal 500, IFLR1000, Who’s Who Legal and IFLR1000 Women Leaders: recognized among the leading women lawyers globally.
She also serves as the Chair of the Executive Board of the Public Procurement Law Association and acts as a mediator at the Permanent Arbitration Court at the General Counsel to the Republic of Poland.

Selected examples of experience

Rail sector: long-standing legal support for railway sector contractors in numerous tenders and during contract execution, including:
advisory in dozens of tenders for the supply of railway rolling stock and metro cars, with contract values from 150 million to several bilion PLN, including representation before the National Appeal Chamber (KIO) and in court proceedings;
advisory in tenders organised by the Central Communication Port (Centralny Port Komunikacyjny), including tenders on desing documentation for the High-Speed Rail Tunnel in Łódź, as well as representation before the National Appeal Chamber (KIO) and in court proceedings;
advisory during contract execution, including assistance in the negotiating contract amendments and representation in mediation and court proceedings.
Nuclear energy: advisory for a multinational energy group on a tender for the first nuclear power plant in Poland, including representation before the National Appeal Chamber.
Urban infrastructure: advisory in numerous tenders for (I) the delivery of tramways and (II) preparation of design documentation for future metro lines in Warsaw, including representation before the National Appeal Chamber and courts and legal support during contract performance.
Construction: North Bridge in Warsaw - comprehensive legal support for one of the city's largest infrastructure projects, including procurement, negotiations and contract amendments.
Defense sector: legal support and representation for defense industry suppliers in tenders conducted by the Polish Armament Agency.
PPP & waste management: representation of contractors in PPP procedures for a waste incineration plant.

Recognition

Ranking of law firms in Poland by Rzeczpospolita (the leading Polish quality daily) 2023–2024: Recommended as "Leaders on the legal market" in Public Procurement.
The Legal 500 EMEA 2015–2025: Recommended as "Leading Individual" in Public Procurement in Poland.
Chambers Europe 2012–2025: Top ranked (Band 1) as an individual in Public Procurement in Poland.
IFLR1000 2020-2024: Recognized in IFLR1000 Women Leaders.
IFLR1000 2015-2024: Recommended in Energy and Infrastructure, Project Development, Energy, Social Infrastructure, Transport (Highly regarded).
Chambers Europe 2015–2019: Ranked in Projects & Infrastructure in Poland.
Who's Who Legal: Regularly recommended in Government Contracts.
Dziennik Gazeta Prawna, a major Polish law daily, named Aldona Kowalczyk as one of the "50 Most Influential Lawyers" in Poland, 2022.

Publications

Aldona has authored numerous publications on public procurement. Her articles have been published in Rzeczpospolita, Dziennik Gazeta Prawna, Prawo Zamówień Publicznych (quarterly) and Zamówienia publiczne – Doradca (monthly), Europejski Przegląd Sądowy (monthly) and EPPL (European Procurement & Public Private Partnership Law Review).

Co-author of the legal commentary Zamówienia sektorowe. Komentarz (Wolters Kluwer, 2022 and 2011),
Co-author of the publication Legal Report: The New Public Procurement Law (Rzeczpospolita, 2020),
Coauthor of the publication Public Procurement in the Field of Scientific or Creative Activities (NCBiR, 2014).

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Monika Kumanek

Office Manager | Public Procurement Specialist

She serves as Office Director and Public Procurement Specialist. She is a graduate of the Postgraduate Public Procurement Studies at the University of Warsaw (2009). Monika has participated in most cases in which the Team’s lawyers have provided legal advice. She has extensive experience in public sector projects as well as in appeal proceedings before the National Appeals Chamber (KIO).

On a daily basis, she supports the Team by preparing documentation, providing analyses of the latest rulings of KIO, Polish courts, and the Court of Justice of the EU, monitoring ongoing proceedings, and preparing market reports tailored to clients’ needs.